The Solution to the State Fiscal Crisis: A Five Year Balanced Budget
Submitted by Patrick Ruffini on Sun, 02/22/2009 - 01:10
Back in the Contract with America days, a Balanced Budget Amendment was a major tenet of Republican policy, and a couple of times, it came close enough to passing Congress to inspire furious lobbying and vitriolic sky-is-falling claims from the Democrats.
A balanced budget requirement isn't some radical pie-in-the-sky idea. 49 out of 50 states have it. The good news is that it works -- those states are actually forced to balance their budget. The bad news is that it's often ugly, with drastic spending cuts and tax increases in many states in the current budget year.
Albeit more responsible than rampant deficit spending at the federal level, the states aren't any less short term in their thinking than the feds. In good years, state governments rush to spend the surplus only to abruptly cancel programs in a recession -- because there's no real incentive to bank surpluses against a downturn or use state rainy day funds. A budget $5 billion in surplus is just as balanced as one with $0 in surplus, so the politicians might as well spend the money currying favor with voters.
The only way I can think of to stop this problem is to extend the horizon of the balanced budget from one year to five years. Essentially, the budget would have to be in balance over the course of 5 years, covering most recessions with 2 or 3 years of recovery.
In bad times, states could deficit spend -- by no more than the surpluses of the previous four years. In good times, states would be forced to bank surpluses -- particularly if the past few years were economically tough.
One downside is that politicians use it to recreate the present, with budgets just barely in balance across the board, but more likely than not, the politically convenient thing to do would be to slip into a deficit for one or two years, thus kicking off a virtuous circle where subsequent years' budgets would not only have to be in balance, but the extra debt accumulated during a recession would have to be paid off. This could head off irresponsible spending binges in good times and keep state budgets on more of an even keel.
It's true that budgets wouldn't have to be balanced every year -- though the overall fiscal impact is the same -- but it sure beats the farce of Washington needing to bail out the states when they run off the rails.
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